大学英语四级写作常见结构性错误

大学英语四级写作常见结构性错误:使用修饰语时,要注意它们同主语的呼应,不可使其无所依附,或错误依附,从而造成悬垂修饰。可以通过两种方式对含有悬垂修饰语的句子进行修改:修改主语,使主句主语等同于修饰语的.逻辑主语;或者修改修饰语,把修饰语变成一个从句。

大学英语四级写作常见结构性错误

一、成分缺失

语句子中有六个基本句式:

(1)S+V主谓结构

(2)S+V+O主谓宾结构

(3)S+V+P主谓表结构

(4)S+V+O1+O2主谓双宾语结构

(5)S+V+O+C主谓宾补结构

(6)There be结构

原句:At present,it is very common that marriage across the nations

修正:At present,it is very common to find marriage across the nations.

原句:If they from different countries,they will have different living habits.

修正:If they are from different countries,they will have different living habits.

原句:If continue,there is no room and no resources left for more people in the future.

修正:If this continues,there is no room and no resources left for more people in the future.

二、悬垂修饰错误

修饰语的作用是描述其他的词,从而起到修饰、限定、强调或解释的作用。因此,修饰语与它们所描述的词之间关系紧密,这种关系对于考生来说十分清楚;当修饰语和句子中其他词之间的关系不是特别清楚时,这种修饰语被称之为悬垂修饰。当用分词、不定式、介词短语、动名词或省略句作修饰语时,考生受汉语影响,其作文中常会出现悬垂现象。使用时,要注意它们同主语的呼应,不可使其无所依附,或错误依附,从而造成悬垂修饰。可以通过两种方式对含有悬垂修饰语的句子进行修改:

① 修改主语,使主句主语等同于修饰语的逻辑主语;

② 修改修饰语,把修饰语变成一个从句。

原句:To finish the work in time,the machine is kept running all the time.

修正:To finish the work in time,we kept the machine running all the time.

原句:Looking out of the window,the grassland stretch as far as the eye can reach.

修正:Looking out of the window,I can see the grassland stretch as far as the eye can reach.

原句:Having heard the terrible news,his heart beat fast.

修正:When he heard the terrible news,his heart beat fast.

原句:At the age of ten,my grandmother died.

修正:When I was at ten,my grandmother died.

原句:To get ready for the trip,all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.

修正:To get ready for the trip,she put all the things she needed into a suitcase.

三、一致性错误

英语句子的一致性包括主谓一致,人称、时态、语态和数等的一致,以及句子成分前后的语法和逻辑性的一致。

原句:“Six chairs” are not correct here.

修正:“Six chairs” is not correct here.(如果主语为引语,谓语动词要用单数。)

原句:Politics are more difficult than physics.

修正:Politics is more difficult than physics.

原句:Whether or not we'll go to Beijing have not been decided yet.

修正:Whether or not we'll go to Beijing has not been decided yet.

原句:Sometimes the wealthy also needs help.

修正:Sometimes the wealthy also need help.

原句:When I was in high school,you never knew what to expect.

修正:When I was in high school,I never knew what to expect.

原句:I was extremely sorry you are injured.

修正:I am extremely sorry you are injured.

原句:In high school we worked more as a group than as an individual.

修正:In high school we worked more as groups than as individuals.

原句:His job was a policeman.

修正:He was a policeman.

四、并列结构误用

原句:Before I selected the new course,my teacher warned me of the difficulty of the course and of its length.

修正:Before I selected the new course,my teacher warned me how difficult the course was and how long it lasted.

原句:We asked the store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive,useful and looked nice.

修正:We asked the store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive,useful and nice looking.