【摘要】 目的研究气虚发热证家兔的皮肤、肺脏、脾脏的形态学变化,探讨气虚发热对皮肤、肺脏、脾脏的影响。方法 将家兔随机分成2组，即正常组与气虚发热组，采用禁食不禁水和腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立气虚发热模型，取皮肤、脾脏、肺脏组织制备石蜡组织切片，显微镜下观察其形态学变化。结果 显微镜下观察组织切片，与正常组相比，气虚发热组家兔肺脏局部有炎性细胞浸润，脾脏局部组织有灶状多核巨细胞浸润并见肉芽肿性病变，皮肤表皮呈不规则皱缩，毛囊变短，毛孔头数明显减少。结论 气虚发热证家兔的皮肤、脾脏、肺脏与正常家兔比较存在组织形态学差异。
【关键词】 气虚发热;皮肤;肺脏;脾脏;形态学
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the morphologic changes in skin,lung and spleen of rabbits with syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency,and to explore the effect of syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency on skin,lung and spleen. Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,normal group and group of syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency. The syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency group was developed by administering LPS and fasting. Paraffin sections of skin,lung,and spleen were prepared after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,and morphological changes were observed under light microscopy. Results Compared with the normal tissue sections from the control group,local inflammatory cell infiltration from lung tissue,infiltration of focal multinucleated giant cells and granulomatous lesion from spleen,and irregular wrinkling of epidermis,hair follicle shortening were observed in the groups of rabbits with syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency,with significant decreasing number of skin pore visible under light microscopy. Conclusion There were morphological differences in microscopic structures of skin,lung,and spleen between the healthy rabbits and those with syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency.
Key words:syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency; skin; lung; spleen; paraffin section
元·李东恒认为，脾为后天之本，气血生化之源。饮食劳倦七情，皆伤脾胃，损及元气之故。而脾胃虚弱日久，又常导致他脏不足而兼见多脏虚证。故气虚先导致脾虚，脾虚是气虚的本质[1]。气虚病机的形成是由肺脾功能不足、失调所致，导致气生无根，气化无源，气用不足，从而表现出气虚的各种病机状态[2]。气虚证除有脾胃气虚的一面，还有致热的因素，气虚发热乃是气虚、感邪二者综合的`病理反映[3]。总的来说，气虚发热是脾脏、肺脏的病理结果，皮肤是气虚发热的外在表现。现代研究发现，脾虚证患者在胃肠道形态学、胃组织细胞内细胞器密度数量、细胞内能量代谢、胃肠道黏膜保护性屏障作用、消化系统功能、胃肠道激素水平、免疫功能及植物神经功能等方面均存在不同程度的异常[4]。从皮肤组织形态观察目前主要是观察表皮、 弹力纤维和胶原纤维[5-7]。本实验从组织形态学方面进行研究，探讨气虚发热对皮肤、肺脏、脾脏的影响，结果更直观，对临床用药具有一定的指导意义。
1材料与方法
1.1动物
新西兰兔4只，普通级，体质量1.8~2.2 kg，许可证号：SCXK(粤)2008-0020，购于广州中医药大学实验动物中心。
1.2试剂
脂多糖[lipopolysaccharides(LPS) 055∶B5，L2880，Sigma公司];无水乙醇(AR，天津市百世化工有限公司，批号：20081108);95%(φ)乙醇 (AR，天津市大茂化学试剂厂，批号：20080407);二甲苯(AR，天津市富宇精细化工有限公司，批号：20081106);甲醛溶液(天津市科盟化工工贸有限公司，批号：20080423);切片石蜡(中国上海标本模型厂，批号：20070912)。
1.3HE染色染色剂的制备[8]
